What is Autism?

Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition found in approximately 1.5% of the general population. Autism traits vary significantly from person to person in number, intensity and types. This is why it’s called a spectrum.

Autism isn’t a disease. It’s a permanent condition that remains present throughout the lifespan. Autistic people are present in all age groups, populations and social classes. Autism is a neurological and developmental disorder. Its origins are likely genetic, and its causes are still not well known.

One autistic person may be reserved and non-speaking, while another will share their knowledge with enthusiasm and a large vocabulary. An autistic youth may not grasp the idea of taking turns, while another may be a chess master.

There are as many definitions of autism as there are autistic individuals.

Here are some common traits of autism.

Unusual ways of communicating and relating with others.

Little to no eye contact.
Difficulty recognizing and understanding emotions, or the meanings of facial expressions and gestures.
Challenges with understanding abstract language, implied meanings and humour.
Socially awkward.

Behaviours or interests that may seem unusual for their age or the situation.

Strong reaction to routine changes or unexpected events.
Anxiety and intense reactions.
Highly specific, and sometimes restrictive, interests.
Unconventional use of objects and toys.

Unique ways of learning and understanding the world.

Paying attention to details instead of the wider perspective.
Difficulty managing multiple tasks.
Challenges with guessing what other people may think or feel.

Sensory particularities.

High sensitivity to sounds, smells, sudden movements or touch.
Seeking sensory stimulation (rocking, spinning objects, etc.)

Along with these particular traits, autistic people also possess strengths and talents.

Note: The term “Autism Spectrum Disorder” (ASD) is in use since 2013, replacing the previous designation “Pervasive Developmental Disorder” (PDD). The PDD category included five diagnoses: Autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Rett’s Syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.

To learn more about autism:
Fédération québécoise de l’autisme | www.autisme.qc.ca
Autism Canada | autismcanada.org

Explore Trait d’Union Outaouais’ autism awareness programs.

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